Ethereum is making significant strides in addressing the long-standing blockchain trilemma—the challenge of achieving scalability, security, and decentralization simultaneously. The core of this evolution lies in the synergistic development of two key technologies: PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling) and zkEVM (Zero-Knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine). PeerDAS is designed to enhance data availability for Layer 2 rollups in a decentralized manner. By distributing data across a peer-to-peer network and allowing nodes to sample small portions, it ensures data is accessible without requiring every node to store the entire dataset. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining security and decentralization while scaling. Concurrently, zkEVM technology is progressing, enabling complex smart contracts to be executed off-chain with cryptographic proofs (ZK-proofs) submitted to the Ethereum mainnet for verification. This drastically increases transaction throughput and reduces costs while leveraging Ethereum’s foundational security. The concurrent development and integration of PeerDAS and zkEVM represent a coordinated strategy. PeerDAS provides the robust, decentralized data layer necessary for secure and scalable rollups, while zkEVM handles efficient execution. This synergy allows Ethereum to scale effectively without compromising its core principles of security or decentralization. Industry analysts view this dual-path development as a pragmatic move beyond theoretical trade-offs. By solving the critical data availability challenge for rollups, PeerDAS removes a major bottleneck. When combined with the efficiency of zkEVMs, it creates a foundation for a more scalable, secure, and decentralized network ecosystem. This technological convergence suggests Ethereum is systematically transforming the blockchain trilemma from a barrier into a solvable engineering challenge, potentially setting a new standard for the industry.