On September 2nd, Somnia (SOMI) officially launched its mainnet and commenced trading on Binance, generating significant market attention. Developed by the non-profit Virtual Society Foundation (VSF) initiated by MSquared and Improbable, Somnia presents a comprehensive metaverse solution comprising two core components: an interoperable digital asset protocol and a high-performance gaming blockchain designed to address asset fragmentation, transaction costs, and performance limitations within metaverse and gaming ecosystems.

Despite the current industry trend favoring parallel EVM execution, Somnia employs sequential execution while achieving performance enhancements through innovative blockchain architecture optimizations in consensus algorithms, database systems, and data transmission. Beosin, serving as Somnia’s ecological security service provider, has completed a comprehensive security audit for Somnia Exchange, its ecological DeFi project. This analysis examines Somnia’s technical framework in detail.

Technical Architecture:
Somnia’s network requires each validator to maintain its own Datachain. Transactions within these data chains are finalized and ordered by a separate consensus chain. This architectural design decouples transaction data from consensus, simultaneously enabling low latency, high throughput, and robustness while allowing independent optimization of data and consensus layers.

1. MultiStream Consensus:
Somnia’s team implemented a modified PBFT consensus algorithm where PBFT’s role isn’t to order individual transactions but to achieve agreement on the sequence of hash values from various data chain tops. This design allows the consensus mechanism to maintain low throughput while optimizing for low latency, while the data layer handles high-throughput transaction data.

The workflow involves four key steps: user transaction requests distributed to different validators’ data chains; periodic exchange and download of data shards from chain tops; writing complete data slices to the consensus chain; and global transaction ordering through deterministic pseudo-random functions synchronized to Somnia’s proprietary IceDB database.

This architecture significantly reduces data redundancy between validators as the consensus chain records only data chain snapshots and ordered transaction references (hashes) rather than specific transaction information, substantially lowering storage and transmission costs.

2. Accelerated Sequential Execution:
Somnia enhances EVM transaction execution speed by improving single CPU processing capability rather than attempting parallel execution across multiple CPUs. The platform incorporates its own EVM compiler that translates EVM bytecode into x86 machine code, enabling single CPU multi-threaded cores to execute non-conflicting, independent instruction sets concurrently.

For swap transactions, which can be divided into parameter validation, balance checks, and price calculation instruction sets, independent sets execute simultaneously, significantly improving processing efficiency. Somnia intelligently selects execution methods based on transaction type: standard EVM interpretation for regular non-high-frequency transactions and compiled execution mode for concentrated high-frequency transactions to maximize hardware performance.

3. IceDB Database:
Somnia utilizes its proprietary IceDB database based on LSM-tree (Log-Structured Merge-Tree) design. LSM-tree enhances write performance through data append operations rather than in-place modifications, initially writing data to memory cache (MemTable) before sequential disk writing, reducing random disk writes and making it ideal for high-volume write scenarios.

The write operation process involves: writing to Write-Ahead Log (WAL) for durability and consistency; writing to memory MemTable; conversion to disk SSTable through sequential writing when MemTable reaches size threshold; and background compaction merging multiple SSTables into larger files while removing duplicate or deleted data.

4. Data Compression:
Somnia employs stream compression for inter-node transaction data transmission, compatible with its multi-stream data chain architecture. Through consensus and data availability algorithms, data chains publish data streams using identical processes while sharing compression and decompression history records.

For transaction signature aggregation, Somnia utilizes BLS (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham) signature scheme where aggregated signatures remain verifiable while maintaining identical length to individual signatures (typically 96 bytes), significantly reducing network bandwidth overhead and enhancing network performance.

5. Cross-Chain Asset Protocol:
Somnia constructs its omnichain protocol suite through LayerZero protocol, enabling virtual identities, assets, and applications to flow freely across different networks and applications. The initial SOM0 protocol includes object protocol, attestation protocol, and market protocol, providing standardized minting, authentication, and trading solutions for creators and game developers.

Through LayerZero integration, Somnia can connect with other EVM and Solana ecosystems. This multi-chain interoperability enables access to diverse blockchain ecological resources, providing seamless cross-chain asset experiences for users and developers while enhancing the ecosystem’s overall value.

Regarding ecological security, Beosin has completed comprehensive security auditing for Somnia Exchange, covering smart contract code security, business logic correctness, gas optimization, vulnerability identification, and remediation across multiple dimensions to support Somnia’s ecological security development.

Conclusion:
Somnia emerges as a new-generation high-performance blockchain through innovative MultiStream consensus mechanism, hardware-level parallelism, IceDB database, and data transmission optimizations. The platform has officially launched its mainnet and initiated a $10 million ecosystem grant program to attract developers building large-scale real-time applications across gaming, social platforms, and metaverse domains. Beosin will continue providing professional, comprehensive security auditing services for the Somnia ecosystem.